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Libraries | Library service | | A library is defined as collection of books or the physical accommodation in which such a collection is housed. Modern libraries include films, slides, phonograph records, and tapes as well as books.
The text article defines the nature and fune. tion of libraries, setting them in a historical perspective (the ancient world; Middle Ages and Renaissance; post-Renaissance, tracing the rise of today’s great national collections; modern developments). It describes the van. ous kinds of library (national, university, public, special, school, private archives) and the problems of library architecture, with a sketch of its history through medieval times until the present century, also pointing out problems that will have to be solved in the future, The article concludes with a section on contemporary problems.
The Library of Congress is the national library of the United States, the largest and one of the greatest of the national libraries. Founded in Washington, D.C., in 1800, the Library of Congress was at first housed in the Capitol, Destroyed in 1814 when British troops burned the building, it was moved to permanent quarters in 1897. In addition to serving as a reference source for members of Congress and other officers of the government, the Library of Congress has become an outstanding institution among the learned institutions of the world, with magnificent collections of books, manuscripts, music, prints, and maps. It also provides lectures and concerts; serves as the national centre for service to the blind, issuing books in Braille and talking books; houses the National Union Catalog, a record of the volumes contained in 2,500 libraries; issues pristed catalog cards for the use of subscribing libraries and institutions; and has developed a widely used system of classification. Besides 15,000,000 books (5,600 of which were printed before 1501) and 29,000,000 manuscripts, the Library of Congress contains the largest current collection of graphic materials in the United States and also contains microfilms, recordings, and moving pictures. In the 1970s, through deposits under the copyright law (free copies of all books copyrighted in the United States), exchanges with foreign governments and learned socielies, and purchase, it was adding 1,000,000 pieces to its collections each year. |
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